Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer

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Question 1 of 4

1. Question
Which of the following statements about the design of studies that evaluate diagnostic tests are correct?
- A confounding variable is a variable that is associated with both the outcome and the intervention
- Bias can be detected by looking at the statistics
- A randomised controlled trial is most commonly used to evaluate a test
- As no intervention is evaluated, the role of competing interests is diminished
- Blinding is important in studies evaluating diagnostic tests
Question 2 of 4

2. Question
Which of the following statements about studies evaluating a diagnostic test are correct?
- Losses to follow-up often causes confounding in cohort studies
- Spectrum bias results when a group of subjects who clearly have the condition or clearly do not are selected
- Expectation bias exists when the observers are completely blinded to the results of the tests they are applying
- Work-up bias exists when more of one group (testing negative or positive) got the gold standard than the other group
- A validation study looks to see whether the findings from a derivation study apply in another group of patients
Question 3 of 4

3. Question
Which of the following statements about analysing a study evaluating a diagnostic test are correct?
- A sensitive test is good at picking up people who have the condition, compared to the gold standard
- A specific test is good at excluding people who do not have the condition, compared to the gold standard
- The sensitivity and specificity of a test usually vary in different patient groups
- A negative predictive value is the same as the post-test probability of a negative result
- A test with a high positive predictive value is one that rules out most of the cases who do not have the disease
Question 4 of 4

4. Question
Which of the following statements about the applicability of a study evaluating a diagnostic test are correct?
- Internal validity refers to how well the study findings can be applied elsewhere
- You should apply the findings from a study only if it has been validated in your own population
- The confidence interval width is important
- If a study has high internal validity then the results can be applied elsewhere
- If a trial has high external validity then the results can be applied elsewhere

Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer – Post Test

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