Angiography

Angiography is thought to be preferable in those with a massive haemorrhage, but success rates in identifying the source of bleeding vary from 40% to 85% depending on the cause of bleeding [17, 18].

The source of bleeding is identified by visualising extravasation of contrast material into the lumen of the bowel.

Superselective embolisation aims to decrease the arterial blood flow. This reduces pressure to the bleeding site so haemostasis occurs. There is a small risk of ischemia

It is recommended by NCEPOD that Hospitals have a duty of care to provide acute haemorrhage control. Those that do not provide on-site IR should liaise with their regional centre to establish an agreed formalised network [19].

Learning Bite

Angiography is recommended in patients with a massive lower GI haemorrhage or if a colonoscopy proves unsuccessful.