Context

Status epilepticus (SE), a state of prolonged, uncontrolled seizures, is a common emergency department (ED) presentation that is potentially life-threatening. Mortality dependents on the aetiology of SE, ranging between 16% to 20% in patients with the first episode of generalized SE and between 35% to 60% in the case of refractory SE. [1] Following evidence-based, validated treatment algorithms can significantly improve outcomes.

Presentations may vary from clinically obvious tonic-clonic convulsions, to subtle focal seizures, to seemingly bizarre sensory alterations associated with partial seizures. An awareness of the existence and presentations of these different forms is required.